M-Squared
M-Squared (M^2) is a risk-adjusted performance metric that translates a portfolio's Sharpe ratio into the return of a hypothetical portfolio with the same standard deviation as a chosen benchmark, typically the market.
Example: If a portfolio has a Sharpe ratio of 0.75, a risk-free rate of 2%, and the market standard deviation is 15%, M^2 would be 2% + 0.75 × 15% = 12.25%, representing the hypothetical return at the market's risk level.
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