I-Spreadfixed_income
I-Spread is the interpolated spread over a benchmark swap curve used to price fixed-income securities with non-standard cash flows.
Terms starting with “I”
68 definitions found.
Iceberg Ordermicrostructure
An iceberg order is a large order in which only a small portion is visible in the public order book, while the remainder remains hidden until the visible portion is filled.
Ichimoku Cloudtechnical
A comprehensive technical analysis indicator that overlays five lines and a cloud (Kumo) on a price chart to summarize trend, momentum, and potential support and resistance.
Idiosyncratic Riskrisk_portfolio
Idiosyncratic risk, also known as specific or unsystematic risk, is the portion of an asset's risk that is unique to that asset or issuer. It can be reduced through diversification.
Illusion of Controlbehavioral
Illusion of Control is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate their ability to influence outcomes that are largely determined by chance or external factors.
Immediate Or Cancel (IOC)microstructure
Immediate Or Cancel (IOC) is an order instruction that attempts an immediate fill for any quantity available and cancels any portion that cannot be filled right away.
Immediate Or Cancel (IOC) Ordermicrostructure
An Immediate Or Cancel (IOC) order is an order instruction that seeks to execute as much of the order as possible immediately and cancel any unfilled portion.
Immediate-Or-Cancelmicrostructure
Immediate-Or-Cancel (IOC) is an order type that attempts to execute immediately for as much of the order as possible; any portion that cannot be filled right away is canceled.
Immunizationfixed_income
Immunization is a fixed-income strategy that aims to shield a portfolio from interest-rate risk by structuring assets so that the portfolio’s duration matches a target horizon, causing price movements and reinvestment in…
Impairmentfundamental
Impairment is a non-cash accounting charge that reduces the carrying amount of an asset when its recoverable amount is below the asset's current carrying amount.
Impairment Chargefundamental
An impairment charge is a non-cash accounting expense that reduces the carrying amount of an asset when its recoverable amount falls below its recorded value. It signals that the asset's expected future benefits have dec…
Implied Volatilityderivatives
Implied volatility is the market's expectation of a security's annualized volatility derived from option prices using a pricing model.
In The Moneyderivatives
In The Money (ITM) describes an option that has intrinsic value, meaning it would have positive value if exercised today. For call options, ITM occurs when the underlying price is above the strike price; for put options,…
In-Kindasset_classes
In-kind refers to the delivery or exchange of assets other than cash as part of a transaction, rather than a cash settlement. It involves using securities or other assets to settle or move value.
In-Kind Redemptionasset_classes
An in-kind redemption is a redemption in which a fund delivers a basket of securities to the redeeming investor in exchange for the fund's shares, rather than paying cash.
Income Fundasset_classes
An income fund is a mutual fund or ETF that seeks to generate current income for shareholders by investing in income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred stock, and dividend-paying equities.
Income Statementfundamental
An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement (P&L), is a financial report that shows a company's revenues and expenses over a specific period, resulting in net income or loss. It is used to gauge profit…
Index Fundasset_classes
A type of investment fund that seeks to replicate the performance of a market index by owning a basket of securities in the same proportions as the index.
Index Trackingasset_classes
Index tracking is an investment approach that seeks to mirror the performance of a specified benchmark index by holding the same securities in similar weights.
Inflationmacro
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises over time, reducing purchasing power if income does not keep pace.
Inflation Break-Even Ratemacro
The inflation break-even rate is the market-implied average inflation rate over a specified horizon, derived as the difference between the yield on a nominal U.S. Treasury and the yield on a Treasury Inflation-Protected …
Inflation Expectationsmacro
Inflation expectations are the rate at which households, businesses, and financial markets anticipate prices rising over a defined future horizon.
Inflation Ratemacro
The inflation rate is the percentage change in the overall price level over a specified period, commonly year over year, as measured by price indexes such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Personal Consumption Exp…
Inflation Riskfixed_income
Inflation risk is the risk that inflation will erode the purchasing power of future cash flows from fixed-income investments, reducing their real return.
Inflation Targetmacro
An inflation target is a stated numerical goal for the rate at which prices rise, typically set by a central bank to anchor price expectations and guide monetary policy over a medium-term horizon. Targets are usually exp…
Inflation Targetingmacro
Inflation targeting is a monetary policy framework in which a central bank publicly commits to achieving a specified inflation objective over a horizon, using instruments such as the policy rate.
Inflation-Indexed Bondfixed_income
An inflation-indexed bond is a debt security whose principal and interest payments adjust over time to reflect changes in a price index, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Information Coefficientrisk_portfolio
The Information Coefficient (IC) is the correlation between a predictive signal for assets (such as a factor score or model output) and the subsequent realized returns of those assets. In practice, it is often computed a…
Information Coefficient (IC)risk_portfolio
The Information Coefficient (IC) is a statistic that measures the rank correlation between a model's predicted rankings for securities and their subsequent realized returns. It is commonly computed as a Spearman rank cor…
Information Ratiorisk_portfolio
Information ratio measures a portfolio’s active return per unit of active risk. It is calculated as the active return (portfolio return minus benchmark return) divided by the tracking error (the standard deviation of the…
Initial Jobless Claimsmacro
Initial Jobless Claims measure the number of individuals who file for unemployment insurance for the first time in a given week. The data serve as a near-term indicator of labor market strength.
Initial Marginderivatives
Initial margin is the upfront collateral required by a clearinghouse or broker to open a derivatives position, representing a fraction of the contract value to cover potential losses.
Initial Public Offering (IPO)corporate
An initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a private company's shares to the public, typically conducted to raise capital and to enable a listing on a stock exchange. It usually involves underwriters, regulato…
Insider Tradingregulation
Insider trading is trading in a security based on material information that is not public, typically by someone who has a fiduciary duty or who has misappropriated confidential information. In U.S. practice, it is illega…
Insider Trading Policyregulation
An insider trading policy is a formal set of rules that governs when and how insiders may trade the securities of their employer or related entities to prevent trading based on material nonpublic information.
Intangible Assetsfundamental
Intangible assets are non-physical resources that contribute long-term value to a business and are recognized on the balance sheet when they meet accounting criteria. Common examples include patents, trademarks, copyrigh…
Interest Coverage Ratiofundamental
The Interest Coverage Ratio measures a company's ability to meet its interest payments from operating income, typically EBIT divided by interest expense.
Interest Expensefundamental
Interest expense is the cost of borrowed funds that a company incurs during a period; it is recorded on the income statement as a financing cost that reduces net income.
Interest Incomefundamental
Interest income is the revenue earned from interest on money lent or invested, typically from assets such as bonds, certificates of deposit (CDs), savings accounts, and loans.
Interest On Excess Reserves (IOER)macro
Interest On Excess Reserves (IOER) is the interest rate paid by the U.S. Federal Reserve on reserves held by depository institutions in excess of their reserve requirements.
Interest on Reservesmacro
Interest on Reserves (IOR) is the rate the central bank pays on balances that depository institutions keep in reserve at the central bank.
Interest Ratemacro
An interest rate is the percentage charged on borrowed funds or earned on deposited funds, typically expressed on an annual basis.
Interest Rate Corridormacro
A macro policy framework in which a central bank sets a policy rate and defines a lower and upper bound for short-term rates, forming an interest rate corridor.
Interest Rate Swapderivatives
An Interest Rate Swap (IRS) is a bilateral derivative contract in which two parties exchange streams of interest payments on a notional principal amount, typically one fixed and one floating, with no exchange of principa…
Internal Controlsregulation
Internal controls are the processes, policies, and procedures that organizations use to safeguard assets, ensure reliable financial reporting, and promote compliance with laws and regulations.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)corporate
The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the net present value of a project’s cash flows equal to zero. In corporate finance, IRR estimates the rate of return implied by a project’s cash flows.
Internalizationmicrostructure
Internalization is the practice by a broker-dealer of filling a customer order with its own inventory or against another customer's order, without routing to a public venue.
Internalized Liquiditymicrostructure
Liquidity that is executed within a broker-dealer's own trading system or against its own inventory rather than on public exchanges or displayed venues. It represents the portion of order flow that is fulfilled in-house.
International Fundasset_classes
An International Fund is a fund that invests primarily in securities outside the investor's home country, providing exposure to foreign markets and economies.
Intraday Indicative Valueasset_classes
Intraday Indicative Value (IIV) is a real-time estimate of a fund's per-share value, calculated from the estimated value of the fund's underlying holdings and other assets, and published during the trading day to reflect…