S&P Ratingfixed_income
S&P Rating is the credit rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt issuer or obligation, signaling the issuer's relative credit risk and likelihood of default.
Terms starting with “S”
85 definitions found.
Salience Biasbehavioral
Salience bias is a cognitive bias that causes information that stands out or captures attention to be given more weight in judgments than less salient data. It can lead to overemphasis on memorable events, headlines, or …
Same-Store Growthasset_classes
A measure of revenue growth from stores that have been open for a minimum period, typically excluding new or closed locations.
Sarbanes-Oxley Actregulation
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is a U.S. federal regulation that established enhanced standards for corporate governance, financial reporting, and auditing of publicly traded companies. It imposes duties on executi…
Saucer Patterntechnical
A saucer pattern is a rounding bottom formation on a price chart that forms a shallow U-shaped curve, reflecting a gradual shift from downward price pressure to upward pressure and suggesting a potential trend change.
Scenario Analysisrisk_portfolio
Scenario analysis is a risk-management process that evaluates how a portfolio would perform under a set of plausible, alternative scenarios.
Schedule 13Dregulation
A Schedule 13D is a regulatory filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission by a beneficial owner of more than 5% of a class of a company's voting securities, disclosing ownership details, relationships, and t…
Schedule 13D (Beneficial Ownership)regulation
Schedule 13D is a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filing by any person or group that owns more than 5% of a class of a registered company's outstanding securities to disclose ownership details, sources of funds, …
Schedule 13G (Beneficial Ownership by Passive Investors)regulation
Schedule 13G is the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) form used to disclose beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a registered class of equity securities by passive investors.
Schedule 14Aregulation
Schedule 14A is the SEC form used to file the definitive proxy statement for a publicly traded company's shareholder meeting, typically required under Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Secondary Marketfixed_income
The Secondary Market is the market where previously issued fixed-income securities are traded among investors, rather than being issued directly by issuers.
Secondary Offeringcorporate
A secondary offering is when a company issues additional shares after an initial public offering (IPO), or when existing shareholders place shares with investors in a secondary distribution.
Section 16(b)regulation
Section 16(b) is a provision of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) that requires certain company insiders to disgorge profits from short-term trades of the issuer’s equity securities, typically within…
Section 16(b) of the Exchange Actregulation
Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires insiders to disgorge profits realized from short-swing trades—purchases and sales of the issuer's equity securities within six months. It applies to officers,…
Sector Fundasset_classes
A sector fund is a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that concentrates its investments in a single economic sector or related industries rather than the broad market.
Secured Overnight Financing Ratefixed_income
The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is a broad, nearly risk-free benchmark that measures the cost of overnight borrowing collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, based on actual repurchase agreement (repo) mar…
Securities Act of 1933regulation
The Securities Act of 1933, commonly known as the 1933 Act, is a U.S. federal law that governs initial offerings of securities. It requires that most offerings be registered with the SEC and that the accompanying documen…
Securities Exchange Act of 1934regulation
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a U.S. federal statute that regulates the secondary trading of securities and established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to oversee the markets. It imposes disclosure,…
Security Market Linerisk_portfolio
The Security Market Line (SML) is a graphical representation from the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) that shows the relationship between an asset's expected return and its beta (systematic risk). It intercepts the ri…
Security Market Line (SML)risk_portfolio
The Security Market Line (SML) is a graphical representation of the CAPM that shows the expected return of an asset as a function of its beta (systematic risk), with the intercept equal to the risk-free rate and the slop…
Self-Fulfilling Prophecybehavioral
A self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief or expectation that influences actions in a way that causes the belief to come true. In financial markets, such expectations can affect trading behavior and price dynamics.
Self-Serving Biasbehavioral
Self-serving bias is a cognitive bias in which people attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as skill or effort, and negative outcomes to external factors such as luck or difficult conditions to protect sel…
Semi-Variancerisk_portfolio
Semi-variance is a downside risk measure that only accounts for returns below a chosen threshold (often the mean or a target return) and computes the average squared shortfall from that threshold.
Senior Debtcorporate
Senior debt is the highest-priority debt in a company's capital structure, with claims on assets and cash flows that are satisfied before other debt and equity in liquidation or bankruptcy.
Settlementmicrostructure
Settlement is the final transfer of securities from the seller to the buyer and cash from the buyer to the seller, completing a trade.
Settlement Datemicrostructure
The Settlement Date is the date on which the transfer of cash and the transfer of securities are completed, finalizing a trade and updating ownership in the clearing system.
Settlement Pricederivatives
The settlement price is the official price used to determine the payoff and daily mark-to-market payments for a derivatives contract at close of trading or at expiration. It is set by the exchange using a specified price…
Share Repurchasecorporate
Share repurchase, also called stock repurchase, is a corporate action in which a company acquires its own outstanding shares from the market, reducing the number of shares available to investors.
Shareholders' Equityfundamental
Shareholders' Equity is the residual interest in a company's assets after deducting liabilities; it equals total assets minus total liabilities.
Sharpe Ratiorisk_portfolio
The Sharpe Ratio (SR) is a measure of risk-adjusted return, calculated as the excess return over the risk-free rate divided by the standard deviation of the portfolio's returns.
Shooting Startechnical
A Shooting Star is a candlestick pattern in technical analysis characterized by a small real body near the bottom of the price range, a long upper shadow, and little or no lower shadow, typically forming after an advance…
Short End Yieldfixed_income
The Short End Yield is the yield on the shortest maturities along the fixed-income yield curve. It typically covers instruments like three-month and six-month government bills and other near-term debt.
Short Positionderivatives
A short position is an exposure established with the expectation that the price of the underlying asset will decline. In derivatives, it is typically created by taking a short futures or forward contract or by writing op…
Short-Term Debtfundamental
Debt that is due to be repaid within one year. It is typically recorded as current liabilities on a balance sheet and can include instruments such as commercial paper, notes payable, and lines of credit.
Short-Term Interest Ratesmacro
Short-term interest rates are the yields charged or earned on borrowing and lending with maturities up to about one year, such as Treasury bills and other money-market instruments. They are influenced by central-bank pol…
Short-Term Investmentsfundamental
Short-Term Investments are assets expected to be converted to cash within one year, typically including marketable securities and cash equivalents such as Treasury bills, certificates of deposit, and money market funds.
Silverasset_classes
Silver is a chemical element and a precious metal traded as both a commodity and an investment asset. It has broad industrial use and is accessed in markets via physical bars, futures contracts, and exchange-traded produ…
Simple Moving Average (SMA)technical
The Simple Moving Average (SMA) is the arithmetic mean of a security's price over a specified number of past periods, typically calculated from closing prices.
Size Factorstyles
The size factor is a style factor used in equity investing to capture differences in returns and risk related to a company's market capitalization, typically contrasting small-cap with large-cap stocks.
Size Premiumstyles
The size premium is the observed tendency for smaller-cap stocks to deliver higher average returns than larger-cap stocks, reflecting higher risk and liquidity considerations. It is used as a factor in asset-pricing mode…
Slippagemicrostructure
Slippage is the difference between the expected execution price of an order and the price at which the order is actually filled.
Small Cap Premiumstyles
The small cap premium is the historical excess return attributed to small-cap stocks relative to large-cap stocks, used as a size factor in asset pricing and portfolio modeling.
Smart Betastyles
Smart beta is a rules-based approach to index construction that tilts a portfolio away from traditional market-cap weighting toward predefined factors or risk premia (such as value, quality, momentum, or low volatility).
Smart Beta Indexstyles
A smart beta index is a rules-based index that weights components using factors other than market capitalization. It aims to capture systematic factor exposures by tilting weights toward factors such as value, quality, m…
Smart Beta Strategystyles
A smart beta strategy is a rule-based approach that weights holdings in an index or portfolio by factors other than market capitalization, such as value, quality, momentum, or low volatility. It aims to capture systemati…
Smart Contractasset_classes
A smart contract is a self-executing agreement whose terms are encoded in software and enforced by a blockchain network.
Smart Order Routermicrostructure
Smart Order Router (SOR) is an algorithmic system that continuously evaluates available trading venues—exchanges, dark pools, and internal liquidity pools—and routes portions of an order to venues that optimize execution…
Smart Order Router (SOR)microstructure
Smart Order Router (SOR) is an algorithm that directs an order across multiple trading venues and liquidity sources to pursue favorable execution characteristics.
SOFRfixed_income
SOFR, or Secured Overnight Financing Rate, is the broad U.S. benchmark for overnight funding secured by U.S. Treasury collateral, published daily by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Sortino Ratiorisk_portfolio
The Sortino Ratio is a risk-adjusted performance metric that expresses excess return over a target return divided by downside deviation. It uses downside deviation (the variability of returns that fall below the target) …